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1.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 45: 38-45, May 15, 2020. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177420

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Taraxacum species (commonly known as dandelion) used as herbal medicine have been reported to exhibit an antiproliferative effect on hepatoma cells and antitumor activity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Although several investigations have demonstrated the safety of Taraxacum officinale, the safety of tissue-cultured plants of T. formosanum has not been assessed so far. Therefore, the present study examines the safety of the water extract of the entire plant of tissue cultured T. formosanum based on acute and subacute toxicity tests in rats, as well as the Ames tests. RESULTS: No death or toxicity symptoms were observed in the acute and subacute tests. The results of the acute test revealed that the LD50 (50% of lethal dose) value of the T. formosanum water extract for rats exceeded 5 g/kg bw. No abnormal changes in the body weight, weekly food consumption, organ weight, or hematological, biochemical, and morphological parameters were observed in the subacute toxicity test. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of T. formosanum water extract was estimated to be higher than 2.0 g/kg. Finally, the results of the Ames test revealed that T. formosanum water extract was not genotoxic at any tested concentration to any of five Salmonella strains. CONCLUSIONS: The water extract of tissue-cultured T. formosanum was non-toxic to rats in acute and subacute tests and exhibited no genotoxicity to five Salmonella strains.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Taraxacum/toxicity , Tissue Culture Techniques/methods , Safety , Flavonoids/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Urinalysis , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Phenol/analysis , Toxicity Tests, Acute , Herbal Medicine , Taraxacum/chemistry , Serum , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Toxicity Tests, Subacute , Mutagenicity Tests
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(1): 38-44, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889215

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Discharge of coke-oven wastewater to the environment may cause severe contamination to it and also threaten the flora and fauna, including human beings. Hence before dumping it is necessary to treat this dangerous effluent in order to minimize the damage to the environment. Conventional technologies have inherent drawbacks however, biological treatment is an advantageous alternative method. In the present study, bacteria were isolated from the soil collected from the sites contaminated by coke-oven effluent rich in phenol and cyanide. Nucleotides sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed the identity of the selected phenol and cyanide degrading isolates NAUN-16 and NAUN-1B as Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively. These two isolates tolerated phenol up to 1800 mg L-1 and cyanide up to 340 mg L-1 concentrations. The isolates were immobilized on activated charcoal, saw dust and fly ash. The effluent was passed through the column packed with immobilized cells with a flow rate of 5 mL min-1. The isolates showed degradation of phenol up to 80.5% and cyanide up to 80.6% and also had the ability to reduce biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and lower the pH of effluent from alkaline to near neutral. The study suggests the utilization of such potential bacterial strains in treating industrial effluent containing phenol and cyanide, before being thrown in any ecosystem.


Subject(s)
Cyanides/metabolism , Phenol/metabolism , Pseudomonas putida/metabolism , Pseudomonas stutzeri/metabolism , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Wastewater/microbiology , Biodegradation, Environmental , Cells, Immobilized/classification , Cells, Immobilized/metabolism , Coke/analysis , Cyanides/analysis , Industrial Waste/analysis , Phenol/analysis , Phylogeny , Pseudomonas putida/classification , Pseudomonas putida/genetics , Pseudomonas putida/isolation & purification , Pseudomonas stutzeri/classification , Pseudomonas stutzeri/genetics , Pseudomonas stutzeri/isolation & purification , Wastewater/analysis
3.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 54(1): e17280, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951919

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of two marine algae, Nannochloropsis oculata and Gracilaria gracilis. The extracts were assayed for total phenol and flavonoid content, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, nitric oxide activity, iron chelation activity, and reducing power activity. Total phenol and flavonoid content were found to be high in both algae. Ethyl acetate extracts of both algae were found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate extract of N. oculata exhibited a good capacity for iron chelation, nitrate oxide, and scavenging DPPH free radicals (72.95±2.30, 73.73±1.76, and 39.03±0.97% inhibition at 400 µg mL-1 respectively).


Subject(s)
Seaweed/classification , In Vitro Techniques , Antioxidants/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Phenol/analysis
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 64(4): 1431-1439, oct.-dic. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958224

ABSTRACT

Abstract:Vismia genus is distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of Central, South America and some areas of Africa. According to previous investigations, antioxidant potential of Vismia species might be related to anthrones, anthraquinones, flavonoids and phenol derivatives biosynthesized by these plants. In this investigation, phytochemical screening of Vismia baccifera (VB) from Mérida-Venezuela and Vismia macrophylla (VM) from Táchira-Venezuela methanolic extracts, carried out using various chemical assays, revealed an abundant presence of anthraquinones in both species analyzed. Glycosides were also present while flavones and dehydroflavones were observed abundantly in VB but moderated in VM. Triterpenes were also detected and steroids showed to be abundant in VM but moderate in VB. On the other hand, antioxidant capacity measured by the DPPH assay showed that VM possesses a stronger antioxidant activity than VB with IC50 5.50 µg mL-1. Phenol and flavonoid assays carried out by Folin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric test also revealed that methanol extracts of both species contain high concentrations of these metabolites. A relationship between the antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoids content of the extracts analyzed was demonstrated in this investigation since those samples with higher phenolic concentrations showed likewise higher antioxidant activity. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (4): 1431-1439. Epub 2016 December 01.


Resumen:El género Vismia esta distribuido principalmente en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales de Centro, Sur América y algunas zonas de África. De acuerdo a reportes previos, el potencial antioxidante de las especies de Vismia puede estar relacionado con antronas, antraquinonas, flavonoides y derivados fenólicos biosintetizados por estas plantas. En la presente investigación, el tamizaje fitoquímico de los extractos metanólicos de Vismia baccifera (VB) de Mérida-Venezuela y Vismia macrophylla (VM) de Táchira-Venezuela realizado con diferentes ensayos químicos reveló abundante presencia de antraquinonas en ambas especies analizadas. Glucósidos también estuvieron presentes mientras que flavonas y dehidroflavonas fueron observados abundantemente en VB pero con presencia moderada en VM. Triterpenos y esteroides también fueron detectados mostrando ser abundantes en VM y moderados en VB. Por otro lado, la actividad antioxidante determinada por el método DPPH reveló que VM posee actividad antioxidante más fuerte que VB con un IC50 de 5.50 µg mL-1. El ensayo del contenido de fenoles y flavonoides realizado con los métodos de Folin-Ciocalteu y test colorimétrico también demostró que los extractos metanólicos de ambas especies contienen altas concentraciones de estos metabolitos. En este estudio se observó una relación entre la actividad antioxidante, el contenido de fenoles y de flavonoides en los extractos analizados ya que las muestras que presentaron concentraciones más altas de fenoles y flavonoides también mostraron una mayor actividad antioxidante.


Subject(s)
Flavonoids/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Phenol/analysis , Clusiaceae/chemistry , Phytochemicals/analysis , Antioxidants/analysis , Picrates , Reference Values , Venezuela , Biphenyl Compounds , Analysis of Variance , Free Radical Scavengers/analysis , Methanol/chemistry , Indicators and Reagents
5.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 47(4): 431-437, ago. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-599776

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Durante décadas, os laboratórios foram considerados pouco impactantes ao meio ambiente. Tiveram essa comodidade abalada devido à mobilização da sociedade civil que vem exigindo mudanças. A Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) implementou a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº 306, de 7 de dezembro de 2004, criando o Plano de Gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (PGRSS), devido ao fato de o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos não urbanos ser de responsabilidade do gerador desde sua geração até sua disposição final. OBJETIVOS: A expectativa desta pesquisa foi avaliar as concentrações de fenol no momento de descarte na pia, investigar processos que minimizem os riscos ao ambiente e à saúde pública e validar a técnica para extração do fenol a partir dos resíduos gerados pelo setor da bioquímica; substância sólida, tóxica, corrosiva, constituinte dos reativos utilizados nas análises de colesterol. A legislação brasileira permite que um efluente de descarte seja de 0,5 µg ml-Õ. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Para tanto, utilizou-se a técnica de cromatografia gasosa. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Essa técnica foi capaz de qualificar e quantificar o fenol tanto nas amostras do laboratório semiautomatizado quanto automatizado, havendo decréscimo e, em seguida, constância nas concentrações de fenol como resultado.


INTRODUCTION: During decades, laboratories were deemed to produce low environmental impact. This has changed dramatically due to current social environmental demands. ANVISA implemented RDC nº 306 from December 7, 2004, creating the Health Care Waste Management Plan (PGRSS), which states that producers of non-urban solid waste are accountable for its generation and ultimate disposal. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate phenol concentrations at wastewater discharge. To investigate processes that minimize environmental and public health risks. To validate procedure for phenol extraction from waste generated by the biochemist area, once it is a toxic solid, corrosive chemical substance, commonly found in reagents used in cholesterol analyses. According to our Brazilian Legislation, the discharge effluent emission standard is 0.5 µg ml-1. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was used gas chromatography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was possible to qualify and quantify phenol concentrations in both semi-automated and automated laboratory samples and the results revealed a decrease and subsequent stability in phenol concentrations.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Gas , Environmental Hazards , Phenol/analysis , Laboratory Wastes
6.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2010 Apr; 47(2): 110-116
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135253

ABSTRACT

Terminalia bellerica Roxb. (Family: Combretaceae) has been valued in Indian system of medicine for treatment of wide range of diseases and reported to have antioxidant properties. In the present study, the free radical scavenging activity and antioxidant potential of acetone extract/fractions of its fruit was investigated using in vitro assays, including scavenging ability against 2,2′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching inhibition, reducing power and chelating ability on Fe2+ ions. The fruit powder was extracted at room temperature with different solvents in the order of increasing and decreasing polarity to obtain crude acetone extract which was further partitioned with ethyl acetate and water (1:1). It was found that ethyl acetate fraction was more effective than crude acetone extract in all antioxidant assays, except chelating power which was highest in water fraction. Maximum antioxidant activities (expressed as EC50 values) observed were 14.56 μg/ml, 27.81 μg/ml and 67.8 μg/ml in DPPH, β-carotene bleaching and reducing power assays, respectively. The antioxidant potential was compared with known antioxidant (butylated hydroxyl toluene) and correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid content in crude extract and fractions. Fractions rich in polyphenolic content were more effective than the crude extract.


Subject(s)
Acetone/chemistry , Biphenyl Compounds/metabolism , Chemical Fractionation , Flavonoids/analysis , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/isolation & purification , Free Radical Scavengers/metabolism , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Fruit/chemistry , Phenol/analysis , Picrates/metabolism , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Terminalia/chemistry
7.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2009. 205 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-837320

ABSTRACT

Hidroquinona (HQ) é um dos metabólitos do benzeno responsáveis pelos efeitos tóxicos da exposição ao solvente, além de ser componente da dieta, medicamentos, cigarro e poluente do meio ambiente. Considerando a imunotoxicidade desta substância, o grupo de pesquisa do laboratório investiga o papel da exposição à HQ por período prolongado de tempo sobre respostas inflamatórias agudas (RIA). Neste contexto, o presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos desta exposição sobre os mecanismos vasculares e celulares da RIA de diferentes doses diárias de HQ (5, 10 ou 50 mg/kg) em ratos Wistar machos, via i.p., por 17 ou 22 dias, uma vez ao dia, com intervalos de 2 dias a cada 5 doses. Animais controles receberam o veículo (salina com 5% etanol). A resposta inflamatória aguda inata foi induzida pela administração de glicogênio de ostra (1% em PBS, 5 mL) na bolsa subcutânea dorsal ou pela instilação de lipopolissacarídeo de Salmonella abortus (LPS; 100 µL de solução 100 µg/mL); A resposta inflamatória aguda adquirida foi provocada pela inalação de ovalbumina (10 mL de solução de OA 1% PBS, 15 min) em animais previamente sensibilizados (10 µ/100mg AI(OH)3 no décimo dia de exposição). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: 1) o aumento do número de leucócitos na bolsa dorsal de animais expostos a 50 mg/kg de HQ é dependente, pelo menos em parte, da maior interação de leucócitos circulantes à parede vascular da microcirculação, mas não é decorrente de alterações na reatividade microvascular; o aumento de expressão de moléculas de adesão (ß2 integrina), que pode ser a responsável pelo aumento de interaçãoleucócito-endotélio e migração celular; 2) a redução da migração de leucócitos para o pulmão inflamado pelo LPS em animais expostos a HQ, nas menores doses, não foi decorrente de modificações na interação leucócito-endotélio, nem da expressão de moléculas de adesão nos leucócitos circulantes ou na célula endotelial do tecido pulmonar; 3) a redução da migração celular para o pulmão durante a RIA alérgica em animais expostos a 5, 10 ou 50 mglkg de HQ é dependente, pelo menos em parte, da menor concentração de anticorpos anafiláticos circulantes e conseqüentemente da desgranulação reduzida de mastócitos teciduais, visualizados no leito mesentérico após desafio in situ pela OA. A menor produção de anticorpos anafiláticos pode ser decorrente da ação da HQ em diferentes tipos celulares, uma vez que foi observada expressão reduzida de moléculas co-estimulatórias em linfócitos do baço (CD45R e CD6), menor atividade microbicida de macrófagos peritoniais frente a Candida albicans e menor secreção de interferon-γ por células do peritônio. Em conjunto, os resultados apresentados mostram os mecanismos da HQ sobre a resposta do organismo ao trauma de diferentes origens, interferindo com tipos celulares distintos envolvidos nas reações


Hydroquinone (HQ) is one of the metabolites of benzene responsible for the toxic effects of exposure to solvent, as well as being part of the diet, medicines, tobacco and polluting the environment. Considering the immunotoxicity of this substance, our laboratory has investigated the role of exposure to HQ by prolonged period of time on acute inflammatory responses (AIR). In this context, this study evaluated the effects of this exposure on the vascular and cellular mechanisms of AIR of different daily doses of HQ (5, 10 or 50 mg/kg) in male rats, via ip, for 17 or 22 days, a once a day, with intervals of 2 days every 5 doses. Control animais received the vehicle (saline with 5% ethanol). Innate AIR was induced by the administration of oysters glycogen (1% in PBS, 5 mL) into subcutaneous back pouch or by instillation of lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella aborius (LPS, 100 µL of solução100 µg/mL); Allergic AIR gained was caused by inhalation of ovalbumin (10 mL solution of 1% OA in PBS, 15 min) in previously sensitized animal (10 µ/100mg AI (OH)3 on the tenth day of exposure). Results showed that: 1) the increased number of white blood cells back into the pouch of animais exposed to 50 mg/kg of HQ is dependent, at least in part, of higher interaction of circulating leukocytes to the vascular wall of the microcirculation, but is not due to changes in microvascular reactivity; an increase of expression of molecules of accession (ß2 integrin), which may be responsible for the enhanced interaction of leukocyteendothelial and cell migration 2) the reduced migration of leukocytes into the lung inflamed by LPS in animals exposed to 5 or 10 mg/kg was not due to changes in the interactions of leukocyte to endothelium, either the expression of adhesion molecules in circulating white blood cells or in cell endothelial lung tissue, 3) the reduced cell migration to the lungs during the AIR allergic to animais exposed to HQ, in lower doses, is dependent on lower concentration of· circulating anaphylactics antibodies which may be responsible for the mast cell desgranulation. The lower amount of anaphylatic antibodies in the circulation may be due to action of HQ in different cells, as reduced expression of co-stimulatory molecules by Iymphocytes (CD45R and CD6), lower microbicide activity of macrophages and reduced secretion of interferon-γ by peritoneal cells were detected. Together, the results show the toxicity of HQ on the body's response to trauma from different sources, interfering with different cell types involved in the reactions


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Hydroquinones/analysis , Inflammation/prevention & control , Immunotoxins , Phenol/analysis , Leukocytes/classification , Microcirculation
8.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 116(1): 18-22, mar. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630519

ABSTRACT

El ácido nucleico proveniente del virus herpes humano 8 esta presente en las células mononucleares de sangre periférica de un 50% a 90% de los pacientes con sarcoma de Kaposi, y 7% a 10% de los pacientes con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana sin sarcoma de Kaposi. Nosotros estudiamos la prevalencia del virus herpes humano 8 en células mononucleares de sangre periférica provenientes de pacientes con la infección por el virus inmunodeficiencia humana con/sin sarcoma de Kaposi. Setenta y seis pacientes con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana sin sarcoma de Kaposi y 15 pacientes con sarcoma de Kaposi asociado a la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana se incluyeron en el estudio. El ácido desoxirribonucleico se extrajo utilizando el método de fenol/cloroformo. El ácido desoxirribonucleico fue amplificado a través de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa utilizando las sondas KS1 y KS2 específicas para el ORF26 del virus herpes humano 8. Las reacciones se consideraron positivas sólo si los productos de la región esperada de 233 pares de bases. Ninguno de los pacientes con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana mostró la presencia de virus herpes humano 8 en las células mononucleares de sangre periférica, y después de un seguimiento de 2 años, ninguno ha desarrollado sarcoma de Kaposi. El virus herpes humano 8 se detectó en las células mononucleares de sangre periférica del 20% de los pacientes con sarcoma de Kaposi. Todos los pacientes pertenecían al grupo de "altó riesgo", y eran varones homosexuales. Ninguno recibió transfusiones sanguíneas. Estos datos preliminares sugieren que la prevalencia del virus herpes humano 8 en las células mononucleares de sangre periférica de los pacientes con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana con/sin sarcoma de Kaposi es probablemente baja en comparación con pacientes provenientes de Estados Unidos y Europa


The nucleic acid of human herpes virus 8 is present in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of between 50% and 90% of Kaposi sarcoma patients, 7% and 10% of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients without Kaposi sarcoma. We studied the prevalence of human herpes virus 8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection with/without Koposi sarcoma. Seventy-six patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection without Kaposi sarcoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection were included. Desoxibonucleico acid was extracted from the sample by a standard phenol/chloroform extraction procedure. Desoxirribonucleico acid was polimerase chain reaction amplified using Kaposi sarcoma 1 and Kaposi sarcoma 2 primers specific for the human herpes virus 8 ORF26. Polimerase chain reaction were considered positive only if the polimerase chain reaction products hybridized in the expected 233 by region. None of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients showed the presence of human herpes virus 8 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and after a follow-up of 2 years, none has developed Kaposi sarcoma. Human herpes virus 8 was detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20% of patients with Kaposi sarcoma. All patients belonged to a "high risk group", were male and homosexuals. None received blood transfusion. These preliminary data suggest that the prevalence of human herpes virus 8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with/withoul Kaposi sarcoma is probably low in comparison with patients from EE.UU and Europe


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , DNA , HIV-1 , HIV-2 , /immunology , Homosexuality/physiology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/blood , Chloroform/analysis , Virulence Factors/blood , Phenol/analysis , Gels , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sexual Behavior
9.
Rev. bras. toxicol ; 21(2): 60-69, 2008. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-524337

ABSTRACT

Phenol is used as a disinfectant agent, in paint pigments and preparation of phenolic resins. When in solid state, it shows a light pink color, ochre odor and it is hygroscopic. Environmental and biological monitoring are important in the occupational exposure setting. The analytical parameters for air analysis were: linearity from 0.13 – 4.00 ppm; coefficient correlation was (r2): 0.997. The limits of detection and quantification were: 0.08 and 0.13 ppm, respectively; intra-assay and inter-assay precision coefficient range were, 4.4 – 4.7 percent and 3.5 – 4.4 percent, respectively. The analytical procedure for urinary determination showed linearity in the dynamic range of the assay from 5 - 200 μg/mL; coefficient correlation was 0.999; limits of detection and quantification were: 2.0 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. The intra-assay precision coefficient was in the range of 4.5 – 8.9 percent and the inter-assay precision coefficient was in the range of 5.7 – 14.2 percent; accuracy coefficient was between 6.2 – 11.9 percent; recovery was higher than 87 percent. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector was applied to phenol quantification of air sampling in the workplace and urine taken from workers located in the sanitary foundry molding area. Regarding the evaluated exposure conditions, it was not observed phenol exposure above the Limit of Tolerance, established by the Ministry of Labor and Employment, in its regulamentar standard – NR-15. However, for the bioindicator, the values of 4 of 7 workers examined had urinary phenol levels above the reference exposure values, but below the maximum allowable biological indicator.


O fenol é utilizado como agente desinfetante, em pigmentos de tintas e no preparo de resinas fenólicas. Apresenta-se no estado sólido em temperatura ambiente, com coloração fracamente rósea, odor acre e é higroscópico emcontato com o ar. O monitoramento ambiental e biológico é importante em situações de exposição ocupacional. Em relação ao método para determinação de fenol no ar do ambiente de trabalho obtiveram-se as seguintes figuras demérito analítico: linearidade de 0,13 a 4,00 ppm; coeficiente de regressão linear (r2) de 0,997; os limites de detecção e quantificação 0,08 e 0,13 ppm, respectivamente; precisão intra-ensaio entre 4,4 e 4,7 por cento e interensaios entre 3,5 e 4,4 por cento. Para a análise de fenol em urina, o ensaio mostrou-se linear entre 5 e 200 μg/mL; coeficiente de regressão linear (r2) de 0,999; os limites de detecção e quantificação 2,0 e 5,0 μg/mL, respectivamente; precisão intra-ensaio entre 4,5 e 8,9 por cento e interensaios entre 5,7 e 14,2 por cento; exatidão entre 6,2 e 11,9 por cento e recuperação superior a 87 por cento. Aplicando-se a técnica de cromatografia gasosa com detecção de ionização por chama, foram analisadas amostras de ar do ambiente de trabalho e de urina de trabalhadores provenientes do setor de macharia em uma fundição de metais sanitários. Nas situações de exposição avaliadas não foi observada exposição ao fenol superior ao Limite de Tolerância, de acordo com a Norma Regulamentar NR-15, do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Porém, em relação ao bioindicador, os valores de 4 dos 7 trabalhadores analisados apresentaram níveis de fenol urinário superior ao Valor de Referência, porém inferior ao Índice Biológico Máximo Permitido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Working Conditions/methods , Phenol/analysis , Air Samples , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Environmental Monitoring , Environmental Monitoring/methods
10.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 36(supl.1): 106-111, jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-509577

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever a técnica de peeling de fenol pré-oxidado, os principais cuidados pré e pós-operatórios e a avaliação dos resultados obtidos em quatro pacientes submetidos ao método, breve comparação com o método de fenol profundo tradicional de Backer e Gordon.Apresenta-se, ainda.Ao final, conclui-se que o método de peeling de fenol pré-oxidado, sem a necessidade de máscaras oclusivas, é seguro, reprodutível e demonstra um alto grau de aceitação no grupo submetido ao tratamento.


The objective of the present work is to describe the techniques of phenol peeling, the main pre-peeling and post-peeling care and the evaluation from this method of the results obtained by four patients. Comparison with Backer and Gordon traditional profound phenol method. Finally, the conclusion is that the profound phenol peeling method which doesn't use occlusive mascara is secure, reproducible and shows a real acceptance in the group submitted to the treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Phenol , Rejuvenation , Phenol/administration & dosage , Phenol/analysis , Phenol , Phenol/adverse effects , Phenol/pharmacokinetics , Rejuvenation/physiology
11.
J Environ Biol ; 2007 Jan; 28(1): 77-82
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-113343

ABSTRACT

In the present study sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment in two step bioreactor was performed for removal of colour in the pulp and paper mill effluent. In anaerobic treatment, colour 50%, lignin 62%, COD 29%, absordable organic halides (AOX) 25% and phenol 29% were reduced in eight days. The anaerobically treated effluent was separately applied in bioreactor in presence of fungal strain, Paecilomyces sp., and bacterial strain, Microbrevis luteum. Data of study indicated reduction in colour 80%, AOX 74%, lignin 81%, COD 93% and phenol 76 per cent by Paecilomyces sp. where as Microbrevis luteum showed removal in colour 59%, lignin 71%, COD 86%, AOX 84% and phenol 88% by day third when 7 days anaerobically treated effluent was further treated by aerobic microorganisms. Change in pH of the effluent and increase in biomass of microorganism's substantiated results of the study, which was concomitant to the treatment method.


Subject(s)
Aerobiosis , Anaerobiosis , Bacteria/metabolism , Bioreactors , Chlorine Compounds/analysis , Color , Industrial Waste , Lignin/analysis , Paecilomyces/metabolism , Paper , Phenol/analysis , Pilot Projects , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
12.
Braz. j. biol ; 66(3): 853-862, Aug. 2006. ilus, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435626

ABSTRACT

Leaf morphology may vary considerably even within a branch of Passiflora suberosa plants. Leaves are of a typical green type in shaded areas, but in open fields turn into violet, and apparently have greater thickness and trichome density. The proximate causes and the adaptive meaning, if any, for the existence of the violet morph are still unknown. By cultivating P. suberosa clones under two light regimes (total and partial exposure to sunlight), we consecutively induced (first year) and then reversed (second year) the appearance of the violet morph. We evaluated the corresponding changes in morpho-anatomic and chemical leaf characteristics. Plants that were grown under partial sunlight had a greater size and did not alter their green color, but those grown under total sunlight changed into violet, were smaller in size and their leaves were tougher, thicker, and had a greater number of trichomes. The violet morph had increased anthocyanins and phenolic derivatives. It also showed cellular hypertrophy, a greater number of cell layers in the mesophyll, and a lignified pericycle. Since these morphs are interchangeable by changing light conditions, we inferred that they are not determined by genotypic diversity, but are mainly a result of a physiological response to light stress, and thus part of P. suberosa phenotypic plasticity.


A morfologia das folhas de Passiflora suberosa pode variar consideravelmente mesmo dentro dos ramos de um dado espécime. P. suberosa ocorre tipicamente em áreas sombreadas e as folhas são verdes. Porém, em áreas abertas, onde há maior incidência de luz solar, as folhas são de coloração roxa, aparentemente mais duras e com grande densidade de tricomas. As possíveis causas e o significado adaptativo da manifestação destas características ainda são desconhecidas. Com base no cultivo de clones de P. suberosa sob dois regimes de luz solar (incidência total e parcial), nós consecutivamente induzimos (primeiro ano) e então revertemos (segundo ano) o aparecimento da forma roxa. As mudanças nas características morfológicas e químicas das formas verde e roxa foram avaliadas. As plantas que foram cultivadas sob incidência parcial de luz solar apresentaram maior tamanho dos ramos e não alteraram a cor verde das folhas. As plantas que foram cultivadas sob incidência total dos raios solares apresentaram coloração roxa, maior dureza, espessura e pilosidade. A forma roxa apresentou alto teor de antocianinas e derivados fenólicos. As plantas exibiram hipertrofia celular, maior número de camadas celulares no mesofilo e lignificação do periciclo. Considerando que as formas são intercambiáveis perante a mudança na intensidade luminosa, nós inferimos que elas não resultam da diversidade genotípica, mas sim de uma resposta fisiológica ao estresse luminoso e, dessa forma, parte da plasticidade fenotípica de P. suberosa.


Subject(s)
Phenotype , Passiflora/anatomy & histology , Pigmentation/physiology , Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology , Sunlight , Anthocyanins/analysis , Chromatography, Paper , Passiflora/chemistry , Passiflora/physiology , Phenol/analysis , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Leaves/physiology
13.
J. Health Sci. Inst ; 23(4): 253-259, out.-dez. 2005. ilus, tab, CD-ROM
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-872998

ABSTRACT

Introdução - Extrato parcialmente purificado de banana nanica (Musa acuminata), melhor fonte de enzima Polifenol oxidase (PFO) [EC. 1.14.18.1] (Bonfim et al., 2000), foi estudado como material biocatalítico para a oxidação aeróbica dos substratos fenólicos usando um biossensor amperométrico com PFO imobilizada. Métodos - Foi estudada a extração da PFO dessa fonte (Bonfim et al., 2000), a purificação parcial desse extrato bruto usando sulfato de amônio (40%), que precipita o excesso de enzimas presentes nesse extrato com posterior diálise (Perone, 2004). A seguir foi determinada a atividade e a proteína total nos dois extratos. Um biossensor amperométrico foi construído usando 50 U de PFO proveniente do extrato parcialmente purificado de banana nanica (Perone, 2004), imobilizada sobre uma membrana de teflon (Celgard 2400) com o uso do reagente bifuncional glutaraldeído 2,5% m/V. Após secagem, essa membrana enzimática foi acoplada na extremidade de um eletrodo de oxigênio. Esse biossensor foi usado na determinação de compostos fenólicos em urina de indivíduos que consomem drogas metabolizando fenólicos, por amperometria e por espectrofotometria. Resultados - Nas amostras de urina observou-se que indivíduos que usam L-dopa apresentaram maior concentração de fenólicos que indivíduos que usam anfetaminas. Conclusões - A porcentagem de erro nas amostras estudadas foi menor que 3%, usando extrato bruto (Perone, 2003) e parcialmente purificado, usando o método padrão espectrofotométrico (Folin-Denis), mostrando a eficiência do método amperométrico empregado, com ou sem purificação enzimática.


Subject(s)
Phenol/analysis , Musa , Urine/chemistry , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
14.
J Environ Biol ; 2005 Apr; 26(2): 179-85
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-113520

ABSTRACT

In this study, some heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu), suspended sediment, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), cyanide, phenol, fecal coliform and total coliform water parameters were determined in the streams (Kucuk Melen, Asarsuyu, Ugursuyu, Buyuk Melen and Aksu) of Buyuk Melen Watershed that provides drinking water to Istanbul in Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Measurements of water quality parameters were done monthly in eleven separate stations (4 in Kucuk Melen Stream, 1 in Asarsuyu Stream, 1 in Ugur Stream, 1 in Aksu Stream and 4 in Buyuk Melen Stream) from August 2001 to August 2002. The seasonal changes in water quality parameters were evaluated statistically. The results, the parameters, COD, BOD, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, cyanide, fecal coliform, total coliform and suspended sediment showed significant differences among seasons and streams (ANOVA; P <0.05). According to Turkish Standarts (TS) 266, European Union (EU) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, the maximum values of each parameter in streams within the Buyuk Melen watershed are recorded and evaluated in this study.


Subject(s)
Colony Count, Microbial , Cyanides/analysis , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Environmental Monitoring , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Oxygen/analysis , Phenol/analysis , Rivers/chemistry , Seasons , Turkey , Water Microbiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
15.
Rev. bras. saúde ocup ; 23(85/86): 7-20, set. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-260439

ABSTRACT

O Programa Interlaboratorial de Controle da Qualidade da Análise de Fenol Urinário tem como objetivo principal contribuir para tornar estatisticamente comparáveis os resultados das análises de fenol urinário realizadas pelos laboratórios participantes. Foi implantado em três etapas de complexidade crescente, as duas iniciais descritas neste artigo. Na primeira etapa foram enviadas amostras de fenol em água e utilizaram-se os testes de Dixon, de Postos e Análise de Variância, (ANOVA) para tratar estatisticamente os resultados apresentados pelos laboratórios. Na segunda etapa, em que foram enviadas amostras de fenol em água paracresol e ortocresol, que são possíveis interferentes na análise de fenol urinário, aplicaram-se, além dos testes estatísticos da primeira etapa, o Range Test, Desvio Porcentual e o teste t'Student, sendo este último para comparar as médias estimadas após a aplicação do teste de Dixon com a concentração de fenol na amostra. Os resultados encontrados no Programa indicam que o tipo de amostra influenciou os resultados das análises dos laboratórios. A ANOVA aponta o laboratório como fonte de variação.


Subject(s)
Laboratories , Phenol/urine , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Phenol/analysis , Quality Control , Statistics, Nonparametric
16.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 27(4): 123-125, 1995. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-535154

ABSTRACT

Objetivando estabelecer a faixa de valor de referência para o fenol urinário na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, urinas de indivíduops não expostos ocupacionalmente ao benzeno e/ou fenol foram analisadas por cromatografia em fase gasosa, utilizando-se detector de ionização de chama. Os valores encontrados experimentalmente (n = 90) variaram de <0,3 a 28,6 mg/L, mas a aplicação de estudo estatístico delimita como faixa de referência, a nível de significância de 95%, os valores de 1,77mg/L a 3,89mg/L. São descritos, também, as condições analíticas padronizadas para a determinação cromatográfica do fenol urinário.


Subject(s)
Humans , Benzene/analysis , Benzene/economics , Chromatography, Gas , Phenol/analysis , Reference Values , Urinalysis , Urine
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